Introduction

Iodine is an essential trace mineral required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, energy levels, and brain development. Adequate iodine intake is crucial throughout life, especially during pregnancy and childhood.

What Is Iodine?

Iodine is a trace element primarily used by the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

• Type: Essential trace mineral
• Main role: Thyroid hormone synthesis
• Storage: Thyroid gland

How Iodine Works in the Body

Iodine is absorbed from food and concentrated in the thyroid gland, where it is used to make thyroid hormones.

• Enables production of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
• Regulates metabolism and energy production
• Supports brain and nervous system development
• Plays a role in growth and development

Sources of Iodine

• Iodized salt
• Seaweed (kelp, nori)
• Fish and seafood
• Milk and dairy products
• Eggs
• Fortified foods

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine deficiency is one of the leading causes of preventable intellectual disability worldwide.

Common deficiency symptoms include:

• Goiter (enlarged thyroid)
• Fatigue and weakness
• Weight gain
• Cold intolerance
• Developmental delays in children

Dosage & How to Take Iodine

• Adults: 150 mcg/day
• Pregnancy: 220 mcg/day
• Breastfeeding: 290 mcg/day
• Upper limit: 1100 mcg/day

Iodine intake is best achieved through iodized salt and natural food sources.

Forms of Iodine

• Potassium iodide
• Potassium iodate
• Natural iodine from seaweed
• Iodine in multivitamins

Benefits & Uses

• Supports healthy thyroid function
• Regulates metabolism and energy
• Essential for fetal brain development
• Supports growth and development
• Helps prevent goiter

Safety, Side Effects & Precautions

• Excess iodine may disrupt thyroid function
• High doses may trigger hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
• Avoid excessive seaweed intake
• Supplement only under medical guidance

Special Populations

• Pregnant women: Critical for fetal brain development
• Breastfeeding mothers: Required for infant thyroid health
• People with thyroid disorders: Intake must be monitored
• Vegetarians: Risk of low intake without iodized salt

Frequently Asked Questions

What does iodine do in the body?

Iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and growth.

Is iodized salt enough for iodine intake?

Yes. Regular use of iodized salt usually meets daily iodine needs.

Can iodine deficiency cause goiter?

Yes. Goiter is a classic sign of iodine deficiency.

Can too much iodine be harmful?

Yes. Excess iodine can disrupt thyroid function.

Best natural source of iodine?

Seafood and iodized salt are reliable sources.